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African pantheon
Also known as: Sopona, Sakpata, Omolu, Obaluaye
The feared Orisha of disease, particularly smallpox. Shopona punishes wrongdoers with illness but also heals those who honor him.
By Elizabeth Stein for Mythos Atlas. About the author. Editorial notes are grounded in the site's cited sources and can be challenged through the contact page.
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Shopona is the Orisha of disease, particularly smallpox, which was once the most feared killer in West Africa. He is both the bringer of epidemics and the healer of the sick.
Shopona is always depicted with his face covered, usually with straw or raffia. This represents both the disfiguring effects of smallpox and the belief that to see his true face would bring immediate death.
Shopona does not strike randomly. He is an agent of divine justice, punishing thieves, liars, and those who violate sacred laws with disease.
Paradoxically, Shopona is also a healer. His priests were among the first to practice a form of variolation (primitive vaccination).
With the eradication of smallpox in 1980, Shopona's domain has shifted to include all infectious diseases.
Shopona emerged from the earth itself, embodying the power of disease that lives in the soil and spreads through communities.
Similar deities across different mythologies
Both can bring plague and also healing, representing divine justice
Historical texts and references
“Shopona, whose face none may see, who walks at night spreading red flowers on the skin.”